ByteSplitterField

from __future__ import division
import decimal
from django.core import exceptions
from django.db import models

class ByteSplitterField(models.IntegerField):
    description = """
    A field that stores multiple (positive) number values inside virtual 'subfields'
    of an IntegerField. These numbers can be integers or decimals with a defined
    precision of n binary digits, giving a precision of 2 ** (-n).
    Remember that you will NOT be able to select or filter by any of the subfields!
    You can also only save the whole bunch of fields, not single subfields to the db.
    Configure Field with keywords:
        - 'subfield_names' (default=['value']): iterable of names for your subfields.
        - 'subfield_lengths (default=[64])': iterable of length in bits for each of the fields
        - 'subfield_decimal_places' (default=[0, ..., 0]): decimal-precision
                for each of the fields, omit to set 0 for each field (=int-field)
        - 'round' (default=int): choose how to save floats: floor-round <int> or <round>
        - 'overflow' (default='error'): choose what happens with out-of-range-values:
                raise 'error', wrap value in case of 'overflow' or 'truncate'

    Usage example of a field that stores 3 numbers from [0, 8[ with precison 1, 0.5 and 0.25
    and otherfield that stores a single value with 3 binary digits (precision 0.125):
    >>> class MyModel(models.Model):
    >>>     multifield = ByteSplitterField(subfield_names=[0, 1, 'x'], subfield_lengths=[3, 4, 5],
    >>>         subfield_decimal_places=[0, 1, 2], round=round) #will be represented as 'smallint'
    >>>     otherfield = ByteSplitterField(subfield_lengths=13, subfield_decimal_places=3,
    >>>         overflow='truncate') # single field that saves number 0, 0.125, ... 1023.875
    >>> # set the fields on 'instance', which is an instance of MyModel()
    >>> instance.multifield = {0: 3, 1: 2.3, 'x': 6.78}   #If you'd omit a subfield, it will be zero
    >>> instance.otherfield = 2000  # you shouldn't do that, because...
    >>> instance.otherfield         # accessing the attribute again will return {'value': 250}
    >>> instance.otherfield['value'] = 2000   # this is the correct way
    >>> instance.save()
    >>> # after you fetch it again from the db, you can access the fields
    >>> instance.multifield   # will return {0: 3.0, 1: 2.5, 'x': 6.75}
    >>>     # notice that key 1 would be 2.0 for round=int
    >>> instance.multifield[0]  # will return 3
    >>> instance.otherfield['value']   # will return 1023.875 because of truncation
    """
    __metaclass__ = models.SubfieldBase

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.subfield_names = kwargs.pop('subfield_names', ['value'])
        if not hasattr(self.subfield_names, '__iter__'):
            self.subfield_names = [self.subfield_names]

        self.subfield_lengths = kwargs.pop('subfield_lengths', 64)
        if not hasattr(self.subfield_lengths, '__iter__'):
            self.subfield_lengths = [self.subfield_lengths]
        for length in self.subfield_lengths:
            assert type(length) is int, "Please provide 'subfield_lengths': an iterable of type(int): %s" %self.subfield_lengths
            assert length >= 1, "Length of each subfield must be >= 1 bit, but is %d bits" %length

        self.subfield_decimal_places = kwargs.pop('subfield_decimal_places', None)
        if self.subfield_decimal_places is None:
            self.subfield_decimal_places = [0 for i in range(len(self.subfield_lengths))]
        if not hasattr(self.subfield_decimal_places, '__iter__'):
            self.subfield_decimal_places = [self.subfield_decimal_places]
        for dec in self.subfield_decimal_places:
            assert type(dec) is int, "'subfield_decimal_places' must be an iterable of type(int): %s" %self.subfield_decimal_places
        assert len(self.subfield_names) == len(self.subfield_lengths) == len(self.subfield_decimal_places),\
            "'subfield_lengths' must have the same length as 'subfield_names' (and also 'subfield_decimal_places' if you pass this keyword)"
        self.n_bits = reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, self.subfield_lengths)   #required length in bits
        assert self.n_bits <= 64,\
            "Sorry, but currently a maximum of 64 bit is supported (stored as 'bigint' on the db-backend), you requested a total of %d bits" %self.n_bits

        self.round = kwargs.pop('round', int)
        assert self.round in (int, round), "Please provide the built-in function <int> or <round> with the keyword 'round', not: %s" %self.round
        if self.round == round:
            self.round = lambda x: int(round(x))

        self.overflow = kwargs.pop('overflow', 'error')
        assert self.overflow in ('error', 'overflow', 'trunc', 'truncate'),\
            "'overflow' must be set to 'error', 'overflow' or 'truncate', not '%s'" % self.overflow
        super(ByteSplitterField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def db_type(self, connection):
        if self.n_bits <= 8 and connection.settings_dict['ENGINE'] == 'django.db.backends.mysql':
            return "tinyint unsigned"
        elif self.n_bits <= 16:
            return connection.creation.data_types['PositiveSmallIntegerField']
        elif self.n_bits <= 24 and connection.settings_dict['ENGINE'] == 'django.db.backends.mysql':
            return "mediumint unsigned"
        elif self.n_bits <= 32:
            return connection.creation.data_types['PositiveIntegerField']
        # since django doesn't know a PositiveBigIntegerField, the db-representation is made manually (only tested for MySQL!)
        elif self.n_bits <= 64 and connection.settings_dict['ENGINE'] == 'django.db.backends.mysql':
            return "bigint unsigned"
        elif self.n_bits <= 64 and connection.settings_dict['ENGINE'] == 'django.db.backends.oracle':
            return "NUMBER(19) CHECK (%(qn_column)s >= 0)"
        elif self.n_bits <= 64 and connection.settings_dict['ENGINE'] == 'django.db.backends.postgresql':
            return 'bigint CHECK ("%(column)s" >= 0)'
        elif self.n_bits <= 64 and connection.settings_dict['ENGINE'] == 'django.db.backends.sqlite3':
            return "bigint unsigned"

    def to_python(self, value):
        """
        Returns a dict of {'subfield_name': subfield_value, ...}
        """
        if value == None:
            return None
        #if the value is a string-representation, try to evaluate the string
        if type(value) in (str, unicode):
            try:
                value = eval(value)
            except:
                raise exceptions.ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid'])
        #if value is a dict, check if it fits the model (i.e. contains all subfield_names and has values of correct type)
        if type(value) is dict:
            for k, v in value.items():
                if k not in self.subfield_names:
                    raise exceptions.ValidationError("This is not a valid subfield_name: '%s'" %k)
                if type(v) not in (int, float, decimal.Decimal):
                    raise exceptions.ValidationError("subfield_name '%s' must be of type int, float or Decimal, but is %s" %(k, type(v)))
            return value  #valid dict is directly returned
        #now the value must be convertable to int (comes from db or from python via model's __setattr__,
        #which is something that shouldn't be done (see field's description) but sadly can't be distinguished here)
        try:
            value = int(value)
        except (TypeError, ValueError):
            raise exceptions.ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid'])
        #standard-case: value is an int from db: process it
        result = {}
        for i in range(len(self.subfield_names) -1, -1, -1):   #reverse range
            result[self.subfield_names[i]] = (value % (2 ** self.subfield_lengths[i])) / (2 ** self.subfield_decimal_places[i])
            value >>= self.subfield_lengths[i]
        return result


    def get_prep_value(self, value):
        if type(value) <> dict:
            return None
        for k in value.keys():
            if k not in self.subfield_names:
                raise exceptions.ValidationError("This subfield_name doesn't exist: %s. Choices are %s" % (k, value.keys()))
        result = 0
        for i in range(len(self.subfield_names)):
            result <<= self.subfield_lengths[i]
            number = value.get(self.subfield_names[i], None)
            if number <> None:
                value_db = self.round(number * (2 ** self.subfield_decimal_places[i]))
                value_db_max = (2 ** self.subfield_lengths[i] - 1)
                if value_db > value_db_max or value_db < 0:
                    if self.overflow == 'error':
                        raise exceptions.ValidationError(
                            "The value %(value)f for field '%(field)s' (rounded to %(value_round)f) is out of specified range: [0, %(range)f]"
                            %{'value': value[self.subfield_names[i]], 'value_round': value_db / (2 ** self.subfield_decimal_places[i]),
                            'field': self.subfield_names[i], 'range': value_db_max / (2 ** self.subfield_decimal_places[i])})
                    elif self.overflow in ('truncate', 'trunc'):
                        result += max(0, min(value_db_max, value_db))
                    elif self.overflow == 'overflow':
                        value_db &= (2 ** self.subfield_lengths[i] - 1)
                        result += value_db
                else:
                    result += value_db
        return result