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Using manager methods

Author:
ubernostrum
Posted:
February 25, 2007
Language:
Python
Version:
Pre .96
Score:
9 (after 9 ratings)

This is part of the user-registration code used on this site (see the django-registration project on Google Code for full source code), and shows a couple of interesting tricks you can do with manager methods.

In this case there's a separate RegistrationProfile model used to store an activation key and expiration time for a new user's account, and the manager provides a couple of useful methods for working with them: create_inactive_user creates a new user and a new RegistrationProfile and emails an activation link, activate_user knows how to activate a user's account, and delete_expired_users knows how to clean out old accounts that were never activated.

Putting this code into custom manager methods helps a lot with re-use, because it means that this code doesn't have to be copied over into different views for each site which uses registration, and also makes more sense in terms of design, because these are methods which need to "know about" the model and work with it, and so they belong in a place close to the model.

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class RegistrationManager(models.Manager):
    """
    Custom manager for the RegistrationProfile model.
    
    The methods defined here provide shortcuts for account creation
    and activation (including generation and emailing of activation
    keys), and for cleaning out expired inactive accounts.
    
    """
    def activate_user(self, activation_key):
        """
        Given the activation key, makes a User's account active if the
        activation key is valid and has not expired.
        
        Returns the User if successful, or False if the account was
        not found or the key had expired.
        
        """
        # Make sure the key we're trying conforms to the pattern of a
        # SHA1 hash; if it doesn't, no point even trying to look it up
        # in the DB.
        if re.match('[a-f0-9]{40}', activation_key):
            try:
                user_profile = self.get(activation_key=activation_key)
            except self.model.DoesNotExist:
                return False
            if not user_profile.activation_key_expired():
                # Account exists and has a non-expired key. Activate it.
                user = user_profile.user
                user.is_active = True
                user.save()
                return user
        return False
    
    def create_inactive_user(self, username, password, email, send_email=True):
        """
        Creates a new User and a new RegistrationProfile for that
        User, generates an activation key, and mails it.
        
        Pass ``send_email=False`` to disable sending the email.
        
        """
        # Create the user.
        new_user = User.objects.create_user(username, email, password)
        new_user.is_active = False
        new_user.save()
        
        # Generate a salted SHA1 hash to use as a key.
        salt = sha.new(str(random.random())).hexdigest()[:5]
        activation_key = sha.new(salt+new_user.username).hexdigest()
        
        # And finally create the profile.
        new_profile = self.create(user=new_user,
                                  activation_key=activation_key)
        
        if send_email:
            from django.core.mail import send_mail
            current_domain = Site.objects.get_current().domain
            subject = "Activate your new account at %s" % current_domain
            message_template = loader.get_template('registration/activation_email.txt')
            message_context = Context({ 'site_url': 'http://%s/' % current_domain,
                                        'activation_key': activation_key,
                                        'expiration_days': settings.ACCOUNT_ACTIVATION_DAYS })
            message = message_template.render(message_context)
            send_mail(subject, message, settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL, [new_user.email])
        return new_user
    
    def delete_expired_users(self):
        """
        Removes unused profiles and their associated accounts.

        This is provided largely as a convenience for maintenance
        purposes; if a RegistrationProfile's key expires without the
        account being activated, then both the RegistrationProfile and
        the associated User become clutter in the database, and (more
        importantly) it won't be possible for anyone to ever come back
        and claim the username. For best results, set this up to run
        regularly as a cron job.
        
        If you have a User whose account you want to keep in the
        database even though it's inactive (say, to prevent a
        troublemaker from accessing or re-creating his account), just
        delete that User's RegistrationProfile and this method will
        leave it alone.
        
        """
        for profile in self.all():
            if profile.activation_key_expired():
                user = profile.user
                if not user.is_active:
                    user.delete() # Removing the User will remove the RegistrationProfile, too.

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Comments

paulsmith (on February 26, 2007):

Is activation_key_expired a method and not a property? I think line #88 should read:

if profile.activation_key_expired():

#

paulsmith (on February 26, 2007):

FWIW, the pre & code markup rendered correctly in Preview, but posted as escaped HTML.

#

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